Interactive online version:
Plotting
Import the LArray library:
[1]:
from larray import *
Import the test array population from the demography_eurostat dataset:
[2]:
demography_eurostat = load_example_data('demography_eurostat')
population = demography_eurostat.population / 1_000_000
# show the 'population' array
population
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
ValueError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[2], line 1
----> 1 demography_eurostat = load_example_data('demography_eurostat')
2 population = demography_eurostat.population / 1_000_000
4 # show the 'population' array
File ~/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/larray/envs/0.34.3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/larray/example.py:97, in load_example_data(name)
95 available_datasets = list(AVAILABLE_EXAMPLE_DATA.keys())
96 raise ValueError(f"example_data must be chosen from list {available_datasets}")
---> 97 return la.Session(AVAILABLE_EXAMPLE_DATA[name])
File ~/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/larray/envs/0.34.3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/larray/core/session.py:98, in Session.__init__(self, meta, *args, **kwargs)
94 elements = {a.name: a for a in args}
96 if isinstance(elements, (str, Path)):
97 # assume elements is a filename
---> 98 self.load(elements)
99 self.update(**kwargs)
100 else:
101 # iterable of tuple or dict-like
File ~/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/larray/envs/0.34.3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/larray/core/session.py:438, in Session.load(self, fname, names, engine, display, **kwargs)
436 else:
437 handler = handler_cls(fname)
--> 438 metadata, objects = handler.read(names, display=display, **kwargs)
439 self._update_from_iterable(objects.items())
440 self.meta = metadata
File ~/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/larray/envs/0.34.3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/larray/inout/common.py:139, in FileHandler.read(self, keys, display, ignore_exceptions, *args, **kwargs)
114 def read(self, keys, *args, display=False, ignore_exceptions=False, **kwargs) -> Tuple[Metadata, dict]:
115 r"""
116 Read file content (HDF, Excel, CSV, ...) and returns a dictionary containing loaded objects.
117
(...)
137 Dictionary containing the loaded objects.
138 """
--> 139 self._open_for_read()
140 metadata = self._read_metadata()
141 item_types = self.item_types()
File ~/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/larray/envs/0.34.3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/larray/inout/hdf.py:138, in PandasHDFHandler._open_for_read(self)
137 def _open_for_read(self):
--> 138 self.handle = HDFStore(self.fname, mode='r')
File ~/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/larray/envs/0.34.3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pandas/io/pytables.py:566, in HDFStore.__init__(self, path, mode, complevel, complib, fletcher32, **kwargs)
563 if "format" in kwargs:
564 raise ValueError("format is not a defined argument for HDFStore")
--> 566 tables = import_optional_dependency("tables")
568 if complib is not None and complib not in tables.filters.all_complibs:
569 raise ValueError(
570 f"complib only supports {tables.filters.all_complibs} compression."
571 )
File ~/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/larray/envs/0.34.3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/pandas/compat/_optional.py:135, in import_optional_dependency(name, extra, errors, min_version)
130 msg = (
131 f"Missing optional dependency '{install_name}'. {extra} "
132 f"Use pip or conda to install {install_name}."
133 )
134 try:
--> 135 module = importlib.import_module(name)
136 except ImportError:
137 if errors == "raise":
File ~/.asdf/installs/python/3.11.9/lib/python3.11/importlib/__init__.py:126, in import_module(name, package)
124 break
125 level += 1
--> 126 return _bootstrap._gcd_import(name[level:], package, level)
File <frozen importlib._bootstrap>:1204, in _gcd_import(name, package, level)
File <frozen importlib._bootstrap>:1176, in _find_and_load(name, import_)
File <frozen importlib._bootstrap>:1147, in _find_and_load_unlocked(name, import_)
File <frozen importlib._bootstrap>:690, in _load_unlocked(spec)
File <frozen importlib._bootstrap_external>:940, in exec_module(self, module)
File <frozen importlib._bootstrap>:241, in _call_with_frames_removed(f, *args, **kwds)
File ~/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/larray/envs/0.34.3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/tables/__init__.py:44
40 raise RuntimeError("Blosc2 library not found. "
41 f"I looked for \"{', '.join(blosc2_search_paths)}\"")
43 # Necessary imports to get versions stored on the cython extension
---> 44 from .utilsextension import get_hdf5_version as _get_hdf5_version
46 from ._version import __version__
48 hdf5_version = _get_hdf5_version()
File ~/checkouts/readthedocs.org/user_builds/larray/envs/0.34.3/lib/python3.11/site-packages/tables/utilsextension.pyx:1, in init tables.utilsextension()
ValueError: numpy.dtype size changed, may indicate binary incompatibility. Expected 96 from C header, got 88 from PyObject
Inline matplotlib (required in notebooks):
[3]:
%matplotlib inline
In a Python script, add the following import on top of the script:
[4]:
import matplotlib.pyplot as plt
Create and show a simple plot (last axis define the different curves to draw):
[5]:
population['Belgium'].plot()
# shows the figure
plt.show()
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NameError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[5], line 1
----> 1 population['Belgium'].plot()
2 # shows the figure
3 plt.show()
NameError: name 'population' is not defined
Create a Line plot with grid, user-defined xticks, label and title.
Save the plot as a png file (using
plt.savefig()).Show the plot:
[6]:
population['Belgium'].plot(grid=True, xticks=population.time, ylabel='population (millions)', title='Belgium')
# saves figure in a file (see matplotlib.pyplot.savefig documentation for more details)
plt.savefig('Belgium_population.png')
# WARNING: show() resets the current figure after showing it! Do not call it before savefig
plt.show()
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NameError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[6], line 1
----> 1 population['Belgium'].plot(grid=True, xticks=population.time, ylabel='population (millions)', title='Belgium')
2 # saves figure in a file (see matplotlib.pyplot.savefig documentation for more details)
3 plt.savefig('Belgium_population.png')
NameError: name 'population' is not defined
Specify line styles and width:
[7]:
# line styles: '-' for solid line, '--' for dashed line, '-.' for dash-dotted line and ':' for dotted line
population['Male'].plot(style=['-', '--', '-.'], linewidth=2,
xticks=population.time, ylabel='population (millions)', title='Male')
plt.show()
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NameError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[7], line 2
1 # line styles: '-' for solid line, '--' for dashed line, '-.' for dash-dotted line and ':' for dotted line
----> 2 population['Male'].plot(style=['-', '--', '-.'], linewidth=2,
3 xticks=population.time, ylabel='population (millions)', title='Male')
4 plt.show()
NameError: name 'population' is not defined
Configuring the legend can be done by passing a dict to the legend argument. For example, to put the legend in a specific position inside the graph, one would use legend={'loc': <position>}.
Where <position> can be: 'best' (default), 'upper right', 'upper left', 'lower left', 'lower right', 'right', 'center left', 'center right', 'lower center', 'upper center' or 'center'.
[8]:
population['Belgium'].plot(xticks=population.time, ylabel='population (millions)', title='Male', legend={'loc': 'lower right'})
plt.show()
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NameError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[8], line 1
----> 1 population['Belgium'].plot(xticks=population.time, ylabel='population (millions)', title='Male', legend={'loc': 'lower right'})
2 plt.show()
NameError: name 'population' is not defined
There are many other ways to customize the legend, see the “Other parameters” section of matplotlib’s legend documentation. For example, to put the legend outside the plot:
[9]:
population['Belgium'].plot(xticks=population.time, ylabel='population (millions)', title='Male',
legend={'bbox_to_anchor': (1.25, 0.6)})
plt.show()
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NameError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[9], line 1
----> 1 population['Belgium'].plot(xticks=population.time, ylabel='population (millions)', title='Male',
2 legend={'bbox_to_anchor': (1.25, 0.6)})
3 plt.show()
NameError: name 'population' is not defined
Create a Bar plot:
[10]:
population['Belgium'].plot.bar(ylabel='population (millions)', title='Belgium')
plt.show()
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NameError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[10], line 1
----> 1 population['Belgium'].plot.bar(ylabel='population (millions)', title='Belgium')
2 plt.show()
NameError: name 'population' is not defined
Create a stacked Bar plot:
[11]:
population['Belgium'].plot.bar(title='Belgium', ylabel='population (millions)', stacked=True)
plt.show()
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NameError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[11], line 1
----> 1 population['Belgium'].plot.bar(title='Belgium', ylabel='population (millions)', stacked=True)
2 plt.show()
NameError: name 'population' is not defined
Create a multiplot figure (using subplots=axes):
[12]:
population.plot(subplots=('country', 'gender'), sharex=True,
xticks=population.time, ylabel='population (millions)',
figsize=(8, 10))
plt.show()
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
NameError Traceback (most recent call last)
Cell In[12], line 1
----> 1 population.plot(subplots=('country', 'gender'), sharex=True,
2 xticks=population.time, ylabel='population (millions)',
3 figsize=(8, 10))
4 plt.show()
NameError: name 'population' is not defined
See plot for more details and examples.
See pyplot tutorial for a short introduction to matplotlib.pyplot.